Bad breath: common causes, and how your dentist can help

Everyone has bad breath now and then, especially in the morning or after a garlicky meal. When it doesn’t go away, though, it can be embarrassing and is often a sign of a problem that can be treated. In most cases, the cause is in the mouth, which is why your dentist is a good place to start.

What causes bad breath?

• Bacteria and food particles. When food is left between the teeth, on the tongue or around the gums, bacteria break it down and release sulfur compounds that smell unpleasant.
• The tongue. The back of the tongue is rough and holds a coating of bacteria, a very common source of odor.
• Gum disease. Plaque that isn’t removed hardens into tartar, which irritates the gums. Pockets form between the gums and teeth where bacteria thrive.
• Dry mouth. Saliva naturally washes the mouth. Many medications, breathing through the mouth, and some medical conditions reduce saliva and make breath worse.
• Food, drink and tobacco. Garlic, onions, coffee, alcohol and smoking all affect breath.
• Dental problems. Cavities, infections and poorly fitting dental appliances can trap bacteria.

Less often, bad breath comes from outside the mouth, for example from sinus or tonsil problems, acid reflux, or conditions such as diabetes.

How gum disease develops

Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth every day. If it isn’t removed by brushing and flossing, it irritates the gums and causes gingivitis: red, swollen gums that may bleed when you brush. Gingivitis can usually be reversed with good home care and a professional cleaning.

Over time, plaque hardens into tartar, which only a dental professional can remove. Left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the infection damages the bone that supports the teeth. Persistent bad breath is one of its common warning signs.

What you can do at home

• Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, for two minutes each time.
• Clean between your teeth every day with floss or interdental brushes.
• Brush or scrape your tongue, especially toward the back.
• Drink plenty of water, and chew sugar-free gum to boost saliva.
• Clean dentures, retainers and night guards every day.
• If you smoke, ask us about resources to help you quit.

Mints and mouthwash can mask odor for a short time, but they don’t treat the cause.

How we can help

At your visit, we look for the source of the problem: gum disease, tartar buildup, cavities, dry mouth or something else. A professional cleaning removes the plaque and tartar you can’t reach at home, and if gum disease is present we can recommend Periodontal Treatment. If we suspect the cause lies outside the mouth, we’ll let you know and suggest seeing your physician.

If bad breath is bothering you, there’s no need to feel embarrassed. It’s a common question, and usually a very treatable one. Contact SmileNY Dental to schedule a visit.